Each path draws annual shocks from independent normal distributions. Buy side tracks net equity if liquidated; rent side invests the down payment + closing costs and the year-by-year cash-flow difference. We report P10/median/P90 bands, the share of paths where buying wins, and the median breakeven year. Returns are i.i.d. normal — fat tails and autocorrelation are not modeled.
Accumulation grows the portfolio with annual contributions under random real returns. At retirement we fix a real withdrawal (% of the retirement balance, or fixed dollars) and draw it each year while the remainder compounds stochastically. Because withdrawals are fixed in real dollars, a bad early run permanently impairs the path — that's sequence-of-returns risk. Success rate = share of paths that never hit zero.
| Mo | Payment | Principal | Interest | Balance |
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| Name | Balance | APR % | Min/mo |
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Both strategies pay every debt its minimum, then funnel all remaining money into one priority debt. Avalanche attacks highest APR first to minimize interest. Snowball attacks smallest balance first for faster psychological wins. We compare both vs. minimums-only to show how much you save.
| Market | Price | Rent/mo | P/R Ratio | Score |
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